Anglican
Church of England
Presbyterian
church in Scotland governed by elders
Anabaptist
reform movement rejecting infant baptism
Erasmus
a Christian humanist
Henry of Navarre
first of the Bourbon kings
Gustavus II
Lutheran king of Sweden
Renaissance Painters
Michelangelo
Raphael
Leonardo da Vinci
Rembrandt
Botticelli
Raphael
Leonardo da Vinci
Rembrandt
Botticelli
Council of Trent
recognized the Catholic pope as the authority on doctrine and reaffirmed many Catholic doctrines
John of Gaunt
sponsored John Wycliffe
Ignatius Loyola
founded the Jesuits
Charles V
Holy Roman Emperor
Mary Stuart
queen of Scotland
Clement VII
one of the popes
Thomas Cranmer
archbishop of Canterbury
War of Roses
1455-1485; A war between the York family and Lancaster family of England for the crown. This struggle was ended when Henry Tudor, who was on the Lancaster side, won. He became Henry VII, the first Tudor king.
theocracy
A government controlled by religious leaders
heliocentric
Belief that the sun is the center of the universe.
oligarchy
A government ruled by a few powerful people
monarchy
A government ruled by a king or queen
Machiavelli
an Italian historian, politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist and writer based in “the Prince” promotes the idea -to be powerful you have to be willing to break the rules.
Hundred years war
Series of battles over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families.
Tudors
English royal family, dynasty founded by Henry VII after the war of the roses. Includes some of England’s most influential monarchs, ex. Elizabeth I
Valois
Ruling family in France, replaced by the Bourbons after the French Civil War
de Medicis
(Italian Renaissance) Wealthy family of merchants and bankers who controlled Florence during the Renaissance. Members of their family such as Lorenzo subsidized the arts which contributed to the flourishing of the Renaissance.
Hapsburgs
Austrian rulers that provided kings for several European states and wore the crown of the Holy Roman Empire from 1440 to 1806.
