true
the use of gold paint in illuminated letters and manuscripts was used to brighten up, or lighten, the letter or page
true
beyond creating a great empire, Charlemagne encourage learning and the arts
false
a cloister was a dark, closed courtyard built to protect monks from invaders
true
during the Medieval period, the church favored art that could teach and inspire the faithful
true
for nearly 1,000 years, manuscript illuminations were the most important paintings
Medieval
the period from 500-1500 in western Europe has been given three names by historians. it has been called the Dark Ages, the Middle Ages, and the _ period
illuminations
manuscript paintings often done in silver, gold, and rich colors during the middle ages were called-
Gothic
the Romanesque artistic style thrived until the _ style appeared on the scene
pointed arch
the three french architectural improvements that allowed gothic structures to move from romanesque heaviness towards lightness and grace were the development of the _, the pier, and the flying buttress
sculptor
the revival of the _’s craft was one of the important achievements of the romanesque period
true
hand-written manuscripts had such extreme value that many medieval book owners put chains on their books to prevent theft
true
the addition of the transept inside and the towers outside were two changes made to the basilica style for the churches of the middle ages
true
overcrowding was the biggest problem of medieval cities
false
during the medieval ages the church was used as a center for art, learning, and religion, but most medieval towns did not have a church
true
how to construct a stone roof over a large church was the greatest challenge to romanesque church designers
true
the term “Gothic” was given to the style that replaced the Classical style of the Greeks and Romans, in reference to the fact that the Goths had defeated Rome
true
different minerals were added to glass to change the color for stained-glass windows
patrons or medici family
during the Renaissance talented artists were provided with generous funding by-
foreshortening
Paolo Uccello used the _ technique of drawing figures or objects according to the rules of perspective in his painting The Battle of San Romano, but it still did not look realistic
realism
the visual arts of the italian renaissance had a new emphasis on _ inspired by the surviving examples from classical greece and rome
perspective
_ and the use of shade and light were used during the italian renaissance to achieve astonishingly realistic paintings
realism
in sculpture, the concern for _ was manifested in the lifelike figures of Donatello and Michelangelo that seemed to move freely and naturally in space
dome
Filippo Brunelleschi won the contest with his design for the _ of the catherdral of florence
contrapposto
_ is the the term used for sculptures of human figures showing a slight shift in the position of one leg to create an uneven balance of weight in the figure
longer naturalistic
donatello used perspective in sculpture when carving figures that were to be placed above eye level. he made the upper part of the body _ so that when viewed from below, they would seem more _
true
the addition of the transept inside and the towers outside were two changes made to the basilica style for the churches of the middle ages
true
the emergence of a middle class provided a growing market for all the arts
true
Ghiberti, a sculptor, is best known for the works he made for the Baptistry doors of the florence cathedral
true
paolo uccello created a “strange fairy-tale world” in his paintings, in spite of the fact that he was devoted to mastering th enew discovery of linear perspective
true
tapestries were hung on walls in castles for decoration as well as to keep drafts and dampness out
false
the renaissance began in rome around 1400
false
Fra Angelico took the innovations of Giotto and developed them further to produce a style that became the trademark of the italian renaissance
false
both ghiberti and masaccio found it difficult to break completely with the old gothic style
false
donatello worked as an assistant for brunelleschi on the first set of doors for the florence cathedral baptistry
true
after the death of charlemagne, a new system called Feudalism arose where powerful lords took over most of the land and controlled lesser noblemen and serfs
true
an ambulatory was often added to the romanesque church to make it easier for religious processions to move around the inside of the building
true
the tympanum of the exterior of the church was an area to which people naturally lifted their eyes as they entered the building, so it was the perfect location for relief carvings
true
during the romanesque period, sculpted figures were frequently elongated to fit between columns
true
many medieval sculptors served their apprenticeships by carving the capitols for church columns
true
romanesque painters possessed the skills to paint more accurately, but chose not to do so to keep the religious symbols easy to understand
true
romanesque churches needed to be lighted from within by candles and lamps, while gothic churches were bathed in the light from stained-glass windows
true
during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, illuminations were often outlined to resemble stained-glass windows
true
among the greatest artists working in the International style were the Limbourg brothers. one of their best known contributions was the Book of Hours
true
giotto’s scenes were surprising at the time they were painted because they presented realistic figures, actions, and emotions
true
Rogier’s paintings exhibit more emotion and greater organization than van Eyck’s
true
as new ideas spread north from renaissance italy, Northern artists lost influence
true
Hugo van der Goes altered nature and proportions of people for emotional impact in his paintings
true
the use of a dark background for portrait painting draws attention to the subject of the painting
false
italian artists were offended by the huge work commissioned by the Medici family, The Portinari Altarpiece, by hugo van der goes
Jan van Eyck
his famous altarpiece was made in twelve panels
a chair
which item listed below was not used as a symbol by northern artists van der goes and van eyck?
hugo van der goes
his portrayal of shepherds in a fifteenth century nativity painting caused great excitement
Flanders
which country in Northern Europe became the center for the painters?
true
jan van eyck was the Flemish artist usually credited for the invention of the oil-paint technique
true
hugo van der goes combined emotionalism and realistic detail and then added his own techniques of altering nature and proportions
true
rogier van der weyden was a popular portrait artist
true
no other painter has mastered jan van eyck’s marvelous precision and glowing color
true
gesso is a mixture of glue and white pigment used to prime surfaces for painting
true
northern european artists represented spiritual feelings through symbolism
false
the change from a medieval art style to a more modern art style began later and progressed more slowly in italy than it did in northern europe
true
a triptych is a painting on three hinged panels that can be folded together
true
rogier van der weyden performed a valuable service by preserving the gothic concerns for good design and vivid emotion
true
one of the most important sources of inspiration for the Venetian artists was their beautiful, colorful, and unique island city
true
artists in Florence and Rome rejected the goals of the renaissance for a new artistic style called Mannerism
true
the venetian artist Giorgione da Castelfranco avoided hard edges and bathed his subjects in a soft, golden light
true
the Counter-Reformation was an effort by the Catholic Church to lure people back and to regain its former power
true
Baroque art is a style characterized by the appearance of movement, contrast, and emotion
false
a facade is the entire exterior of a building
true
throughout the baroque period, sculptors showed the same interest in movement, contrast, and variety as did architects
false
during the baroque period of art, flanders was the center of the art world
true
the church that made francesco borromini world famous was San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane in rome, italy
true
in sculpture, the new relationship of space and movement, where figures seem to move freely within a space, sets baroque sculpture apart from the previous 200 years
action
like baroque architects and sculptors, painters of this period used more _ in their works than had their predecessors, and this increased the excitement of their creations. they also used dramatic lighting contrast in their works
Michelangelo da Caravaggio
more than any other painter, _ gave baroque art its unique look and feel
Artemisia Gentileschi
the first woman to have a significant impact on Western art was-
chiaroscuro
_ is the technique of the arrangement of dramatic contrasts of light and dark value in a painting
true
in 1648, a treaty with spain divided holland in the north from flanders in the south. this split was mainly created because of religious differences- differences that became apparent in the artwork created in the two sections
true
instead of religious subjects, northern artists began painting genre paintings
true
Rembrandt’s painting The Mill was his largest and probably most famous landscape
false
Judith Leyster painted only still lives as was expected of female artists during her lifetime
true
dutch artists who painted only genre paintings supplying the dutch with pictures for their fashionable homes were called the Little Dutch Masters
jan van eyck
painting The Ghent Alterpiece
hugo van der goes
painting The Adoration of the Shepherds
francesco borromini
building San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane in rome, italy
gianlorenzo bernini
sculpture The Ecstasy of St Theresa
caravaggio
painting The Conversion of St Paul
peter paul rubens
painting Daniel in the Lions’ Den
rembrandt
painting The Mill
jan vermeer
painting The Love Letter
diego velazquez
painting Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor)
judith leyster
painting Merry Company
hugo van der goes
_ combined the emotionalism and realistic detail of two other northern artists to achieve his own style
perspective
the german painter Durer studied the theory of proportion and _ in order to capture the beauty and balance of italian paintings and decided to make the renaissance style his own
action
like baroque architects and sculptors, painters of this period used more _ in their works than had their predecessors, and this increased the excitement of their creations. they also used dramatic lighting contrast in their works
michelangelo da caravaggio
more than any other painter, _ gave baroque art its unique look and feel
hugo van der goes
his portrayal of shepherds in a fifteenth century nativity painting caused great excitement in the art world
true
rogier van dser weyden performed a valuable service by preserving the gothic concerns for good design and vivid emotion
true
artists in florence and rome rejected the goals of the renaissance for a new artistic style called mannerism
true
the Counter-Reformation was an effort by the catholic church to lure people back and to regain its former power
true
early in his career Goya adopted the Rococo style to gain fame and fortune
true
goya was appointed court painter to King Charles IV
true
goya painted The Third of May, 1808 in direct response to the French invasion of Spain
false
goya’s painting emphasizes the importance of bravery and chivalry in war
true
goya used his own dreams and visions as inspiration for his art, opening the door for others to follow
false
reynolds painted The Blue Boy as a challenge to his rival
portrait
what kind of painting grew in popularity in eighteenth century England?
William Hogarth
which english artist was not interested in catering to the tastes of the aristocrats, but preferred to paint common people to expose the immoral conditions and foolish customs of his time?
the discovery of Pompeii and Herculaneum ruins
what created renewed interest in the Classical period and its art forms?
Ingres
in his painting Apotheosis of Homer, two female figures are seated below Homer symbolizing his classic works the Iliad and the Odyssey
true
the Impressionists stressed the effects of sunlight on a subject
false
smooth surfaces with well-defined edges were the main characteristics of Impressionism
true
the impressionists’ paintings were made up entirely of small dabs of color that, when viewed from a distance, blend together to create the desired effect of light on a subject
true
Renoir liked to paint joyful, pretty subjects
true
Monet painted the same subject over and over because of the ever-changing sunlight on the subject
Japenese prints
_ and photography had a major influence on the impressionists
Mary Cassatt
Degas played an important role in the development of the American female painter
sculpture
Auguste Rodin dominated the world of _ at the end of the nineteenth century
Impressionist
Berthe Morisot, a female artist included in the _ group, focused on portraits of interior scenes in her paintings
rococo art
placed emphasis on the carefree life of the aristocracy rather than on heroes and martyrs
antoine watteau
considered the greatest of the Rococo painters, court painter to King Louis XV
thomas gainsborough
english portrait painter and rival of Reynolds
sir christopher wren
responsible for designing many of the replacement churches and buildings after the Great Fire of London in 1666
salons
exhibitions of art created by Academy members
Jacques-Louis David
one of the first artists of Neoclassicism, stayed in France to be active in the revolution
Ingres
carried the neoclassic style to its highest point, the best known of David’s students
eugene delacroix
became leader of the Romanticism movement after the sudden death of Gericault
john constable and joseph turner
romantic english landscape painters
monet and renoir
French Impressionist painters
manet and courbet
french artists who rejected both neoclassicism and romanticism, wanted to paint everyday scenes how they looked
japanese prints and photography
had a major influence on the impressionists
mary cassatt
an american who was an important figure in the impressionist movement
van gogh and gauguin
two important Post-Impressionists
cezanne
like monet, often painted the same subject over and over to capture the changing light
jacques-louis david
_ and Jean-Auguste-Dominique-Ingres were two artists who practiced the Neoclassic style
versailles
the palace at _ symbolized the aristocratic lifestyle and the emblematic nickname of king louis XIV
rococo style
the _ of art and architecture began in France near the end of the seventeenth century
Realistic (Realism)
edouard manet is an artist who is associated with _ art
true
Wren was the famous architect of churches who asked to design and supervise the construction of many buildings of the London skyline
true
monet painted the same subject over and over because of the ever-changing sunlight on the subject
true
berthe morisot was raised in a family rich in artistic tradition; she also married Edouard Manet’s brother eugene
true
paul gauguin left a well-paying job at age 35 to turn to a career in painting. however, his paintings did not sell, and he and his family were reduced to poverty
Liberation of the Peon
_ is the title of the mexican artist Diego Rivera’s work inspired by the struggles of the mexican peasant
jose clemente orozco
the mexican muralist _ developed a style of painting that earned him the title as the mexican goya
frida kahlo
having suffered great physical problems, _ rose to prominence as a female mexican artist who expressed personal feelings through her work
George Bellows
in his painting Stag at Sharkey’s, _ was able to capture the violence and action of boxing
Armory Show
the _ was the first large exhibition of modern art in america, representing both american and european artists
true
rivera, orozco, and siquieros were three mexican muralists who chose political and social problems of the mexican people as the subjects for their art
true
the ashcan school was an early twentieth century american art movement which challenged traditional painting techniques and subject matter
true
the armory show set the stage for the development of modern art in america
false
henri matisse was the leader of the Cubist movement, and he felt his purpose was to challenge the mind of the viewer
true
in 1911, Kandinsky and several other painters banded together in Munich to form a group known as the Blaue Reiter, a name taken from a painting by kandinsky
true
Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Morgan are a few of the wealthy entrepreneurs who gave money to schools, colleges, and museums. this practice of sharing wealth is known as philanthropy, or an active effort to promote human welfare
true
the painting Jonah by Albert Pinkham Ryder depicts a scene from the biblical story of Jonah and the whale. artists ofen use their artwork to tell a story
cubism
which of the following movements was not a challenge to Abstract Expressionism?
Claes Oldenburg
the american Pop artist _ tried to communicate that we had too much reliance on commercial and industrial products through his artwork
france
the non-objective art movement of Op art had it beginnings in all but which country?
nature as subject
Hard-edge painting was known for all but which feature?
use of non-rectangular canvases
Frank Stella was responsible for which painting innovation?
to make viewers conscious of the beauty and detail of objects when enlarged
pop art was created for all but which reasons?
andrew wyeth
which artist, though his paintings pay close attention to literal qualities, is not regarded as a Photo-realist?
true
Post-Impressionism was the french art movement that immediately followed impressionism
true
philanthropy is an active effort to promote human welfare
true
one of Eakin’s best works was The Gross Clinic
cubism
which of the following movements was not a challenge to abstract expressionism?
to make viewers conscious of the beauty and detail of objects when enlarged
pop art was created for all but which reason?
true
antonio gaudi believed that architecture should imitate designs found in nature
true
The Hearst Estate at san simeon is julia morgan’s most famous architectural achievement
